7 Extreme Activities Every Student Must Try

You live only once – this phrase may sound a bit clichà ©d, but it doesn’t make it any less true. When you are at college it may seem that your whole life is ahead of you, with innumerable exciting activities to try out, things to do and people to meet. However, after you graduate you are not very likely to have enough free time for yourself and pursuing your dreams for a very, very long time. Looking for a job, climbing up a career ladder, earning money to support yourself and, later, your family – all this is going to take its toll, first of all – in terms of time. This means that right now, when you are still at college and have relatively few responsibilities may be the best time for you to try some extreme activities – for if you put them off, you may never get around to them. 1.  Zip Lining Zip lining is gliding down a zip cord stretched between two points at a considerable height. Great speed, whistling of air in your ears and excitement from passing over the scenery – that’s what it is all about. Another reason why it is perfectly suited for students is that it requires you neither to have and maintain your equipment nor to spend a great deal of money. Zip lines are easy to find and are rather cheap to try out. 2.  Parachuting Jumping off a plane at a great height combines two important aspects: it is incredibly exciting while being relatively safe. While falling down several thousands of meters may not be your idea of safety, it is actually far less dangerous than many activities that don’t require you to leave ground. 3.  Hang Gliding Hang gliding is probably the closest a human being is ever going to get to feeling what it is like to be a bird. You simply glide through air and leave all your problems down on the ground. 4.  Base Jumping Base jumping is known as one of the most extreme of the extreme sports. And for a good reason – jumping of tall buildings of cliffs with a special rapidly deploying parachute requires excellent reflexes and perfectly maintained equipment. But the adrenaline rush you feel in the process is unsurpassed by anything as well. 5.  White-Water Rafting Another choice not for the faint of heart, white-water rafting. It requires good physical condition and stamina, ability to work in a team and ability to make quick decisions. If you meet all these requirements you are not going to forget this ride in a hurry. 6.  Mount Biking Although also rather dangerous and demanding, mount biking is one of the most accessible extreme sports out there. All you need to have is a bike capable of passing difficult terrain, a good trail and, preferably, a company that will look out for each other. 7.  Cliff Jumping Cliff jumping is for those who are tired of using jumping boards. Just make sure you know what you are doing – people sometimes kill themselves by unwittingly jumping down in too shallow places. So, if you’ve been putting off something from this list – why not try it out right now? Who knows when you are going to have another opportunity?

Economic And Political Inequalities Of America - 1374 Words

Economic and Political Inequalities Public subsidies are allowing for multinational companies like Walmart and McDonald s to pay such low wages, which in turn provides social services like food stamps, Medicaid and public housing. Out of all U.S. companies Wal-mart employees are the largest recipients of public welfare, receiving about $6.2 billion a year in mostly federal subsidies. Because they are making such nominal hourly wages these services are essential for the well-being of the American public. Workers and consumers alike are encapsulated within this system, with the Walton family even controlling a large portion of the region’s banking system. Jim Walton, son of Sam Walton, controls 96% of Arvest Bank. His father and mother purchased the Bank of Bentonville in 1961 when it had a holding of approximately $3.5 million. Today, it controls over $15 billion of assets. If you look at their growth, it is clear that Arvest, the Walton banking industry, is following the path of Walmart and headed toward the path of globalization. Public policy is a driving factor behind all of this. Walmart holds supreme legal power due to its vast wealth, meaning stakeholders are able to pay off any organization or individual that stands in the way of their economic development goals. From Hillary’s involvement with Walmart to Bill’s signing signing into effect NAFTA and WTO, the Clinton administration is a direct example of how political ties can contribute to the development of aShow MoreRelatedPoverty And The American Dream933 Words   |  4 Pagesway to get out. The Inequality gap in America has increased for the past few decades. Resulting from Economic Inequality in America, 400 Americans share more than 50% of America’s total wealth. These 400 Americans are the Top 1%. While the Top 1% are living luxurious lives, the Bottom 99% is struggling to make ends meet. Inequality is nothing new to the United States. In fact, it is a serious problem for America’s Economy, Democracy and the Middle Cl ass. Economic Inequality is the thing that makesRead MorePolitical Power And Public Policy1401 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican political system. Economic inequality plays a huge part in composing this system. The argument that has been proposed is that inequality structures political power and public policy. Having money always gets your far in this country, especially when it comes to politics. Money can not only advance you, but it can corrupt you. When you come from wealth it makes entering the political arena easier. That is what I will be arguing throughout this essay, the fact that there is inequality and thatRead MoreThe Widening Income Gap Of Modern America1579 Words   |  7 Pagesresearches and reviews the widening income gap in modern America, going into detail about the activist and non-activist viewpoints on this issue. Discussed is the impact it has on the economy, and the overall wellbeing of the country. Politicians of the political left and right’s opinions and act ions they have taken are also touched upon, since it is a hot issue in the 2016 presidential election. Included is an in depth explanation of income inequality, and how it effects the American economy and the countryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Gilded Age And Progressive Era1108 Words   |  5 Pagessocial inequalities. Then the Progressive Era responded to the exploitation of the Gilded Age and reformed America economically, socially, and politically. The movements during the Progressive Age tremendously categorized presidential leadership while redrafting the economic and political systems to give social equality to working class. Although the Gilded Age enhanced American’s economic growth in the world, businessmen gained economic power to make workers suffered from social inequality. FortunatelyRead MoreClass Is A Topic Seldom Discussed Amongst Citizens Of The1156 Words   |  5 Pagesof a classless America, important issues such as social inequalities are overlooked. Such a voidance of social inequalities work in favor of the wealthy, but do damage to the lower classes. Only by accurately defining our social class can we address the problem of social inequality (Mantsios 379). In order to fully address the issues of social inequality, we must first understand its causes. Author Gregory Mantsios addresses some of these causes in the essay titled â€Å"Class in America – 2012†. In theRead MoreSan Francisco Social Inequality Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pages Social Inequality of the Golden City The Golden Gate Bridge takes a curious traveler across the San Francisco Bay area into a marvelous journey towards a technologically innovative city of San Francisco. The city of San Francisco has forever been a national symbol of coveted opportunity, cultural disapprobation, technological blossoming – and, frankly, economic inequality. In the past, countless attempts were made by multiple scholars to identify the sources of San Francisco’s social inequalityRead MoreThe Inequality Of Latin America1673 Words   |  7 Pagesindigenous Americans and enslaved Africans, people who labored for them in mines and fields and who served them, too, at table and in bed† (Chasteen 5). Many people would say this is where inequality in Latin America began, with colonization. However, colonization is just a small piece of the roots of inequality of the region, which actually started with the natives of the lands such as the Incas, Aztecs and Mayans. These three empires ruled most of the Latin American region and did so by conqueringRead MoreEconomic Inequality, Inequality And Inequality952 Words   |  4 Pagesthe OECD, the term inequality in the opposite of equity can be defined as evenness or fairness within the social, political, and economic perspectives. Equity forms the core value of both the western democratic tradition and religions. From the concept of equality, inequality can be described as unfair or uneven treatments of the people within the society or unequal distribution of resources, income, and other factors between different sectors in the society. Inequality can be defined asRead MoreChapter 2 Test Political Science Pearson Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagesdeveloped countries. Religiosity Political idealism Racism Demographic homogeneity Civil liberty 3) Belief in which of the following ideals is part of the core of American political culture? Government intervention Allegiance to parental homeland Caste system Strength in diversity Foreign diplomacy 4) Income inequality has increased significantly in recent generations. Despite this, _______ is controversial among Americans because it attempts to equalize economic outcomes rather than opportunitiesRead More`` Garnering The Youth Vote, By Terry Ryan1372 Words   |  6 PagesMcGovern campaign and exists today with the Sanders campaign. While Hillary Clinton speaks of patience and incremental change and working within the system, Bernie Sanders believes the system is corrupt and hopelessly broken. He is trying to initiate a political revolution so that people can have â€Å"A Future to Believe In.† Similarly, today’s young people tend to trust Sanders much more than any other candidate. This is not surprising given Hillary Clinton’s tendency to flip-flop on her positions—she talks

What is Psychosocial Development - 948 Words

What is psychosocial development? Psychosocial development is development on a social realm. Psychosocial development is how one develops their mind, maturity level, and emotions over the course of one’s life. The rate of development depends on different factors such as biological processes as well as environmental factors. A man named Erik Erikson who was a psychoanalyst who believed that early childhood successes and failures were responsible for influencing later developmental stages developed this theory. Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is based around the theory that social experience has an impact over an entire lifespan. There are eight stages developmental stages of development in the psychosocial theory and I will†¦show more content†¦These plans could include things such as what kind of career they want, their sexual orientation, and who they are in life (Cooper, 1998). The intimacy vs. isolation stage is between the ages of 19 to 40 and is very important to the relationships one will hold during these years. Erikson believed that it did not matter how successful one was financially, they are not truly complete developmentally until one is capable of true intimacy. People that have not successfully created a sense of identity will have a fear of commitment however, someone that has successfully developed a sense of self is able to form bonds and create successful relationships as an adult (Davis Clifton, 95). Middle adulthood is the generatively vs. stagnation stages in which an adult must care of others and realize that they need a family or a legacy. During this stage, people will nurture their own family or find ways to nurture others that need to be nurtured outside their immediate family. If an adult does not overcome the crisis during this stage, then they will not grow which will result in them being selfish and self-centered. The last stage in Erikson’s theory is the integrity vs. despair important s tage. This is the time in one’s life when they begin to look at their life and the role that they have played in life. As one reflects on theirShow MoreRelatedReflect Upon Your Own Life in Terms of the Eriksons 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development and Write About What Was Your Experience Like Handling Each of the Eight Developmental Tasks/Conflicts.3296 Words   |  14 Pagesexperiences eight crises or conflicts in development. During each of the eight stages of personality development, a specific developmental task or conflict will be more significant than any other. Please reflect upon your own life in terms of the Erikson’s 8 stages of Psychosocial Development and write about what was your experience like handling each of the eight developmental tasks/conflicts (where applicable). Erikson’s Psycho-Social Development Erik Erikson theory consists of 8 stagesRead MoreThe Effects Of Midlife Psychosocial Development On Cognitive And Emotional Health1331 Words   |  6 Pagesconsequences of midlife psychosocial development in relation to late-life cognitive and emotional health. It is relevant in my age group particularly in my husband’s case who is in his mid-thirties. Although I have been aware of the implications of certain psychosocial factors in someone’s well-being, I wanted to know the other aspects of midlife psychosocial development and its effect as the person ages. 2. Summary of related literature or studies Erikson’s psychosocial development theory became theRead MoreI Find This Journal Article Interesting As It Discussed1335 Words   |  6 Pagesconsequences of midlife psychosocial development in relation to late-life cognitive and emotional health. It is relevant in my age group, particularly in my husband’s case who is in his mid-thirties. Although I have been aware of the implications of certain psychosocial factors in someone’s well-being, I wanted to know the other aspects of midlife psychosocial development and its effect as the person ages. 2. A summary of related literature or studies Erikson’s psychosocial development theory became theRead MoreErikson s Theory For Psychosocial Development1000 Words   |  4 PagesErikson was a theorist who focused on his theory for psychosocial development. The article Psychosocial Identity Development Theories, highlights the keys points and idea of Erikson’s psychosocial theory. Erikson was very focused on the idea of ego identity and obtaining full potential. His theory or â€Å"model† stats that, â€Å"identity formation is based on overcoming conflicts that individuals encounter during adolescent and early childhood.†(Karkouti, 2014, p.257) He believed that all people must endureRead MoreTeaching Young Children Self Regulation Through Children s Books By Patricia Cooper Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pageschildren’s psychosocial development. The article argues that teachers need to understand how certain pieces of literature affects a child’s psychosocial development and how teachers s hould go about choosing books that most positively affect psychosocial development. According to Cooper (2007), the article uses a combination of Dewey’s impetus for learning and Vygotsky’s theory that learning precedes development through scaï ¬â‚¬olded social interaction, Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, and Rosenblatt’sRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development884 Words   |  4 Pagesfamous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked an important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood event, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan. Erik Erikson died May 12, 1994 due to prostate cancer. (Erik Erikson, 2015). Stages of Psychosocial Development Comprehension of Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development requires anRead MoreErikson s Psychosocial Theory : Development Of Ego Identity1293 Words   |  6 PagesZoi Arvanitidis 05/16/17 ECEE-310 Dr.Alkins Studying Erikson’s Psychosocial theory Erik Erikson was a student of another theorist, Sigmund Freud. Erikson expanded on Freud’s psychosexual theory. Erikson later developed the psychosocial theory. This theory described the effect of one’s social experiences throughout one’s whole lifespan. One of the main elements of Erikson’s psychosocial theory is the development of ego identity. Ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we developRead MoreThe Boys Building A Racetrack1207 Words   |  5 Pagesencounters the situation where he tries to explain to all of the other boys around him to join and help him. Bob begins explaining this idea that he believes is brilliant. The other boys seem to be hearing what Bob is saying, but throughout the video, it is hard to see if the other boys truly understood what Bob was saying to them. In order for the five-year-old boy to build his racetrack, he needs to use some of the blocks from the other students. Being the considerate five-year-old boy B ob is, he asksRead MoreErikson s Psychosocial Theory And Psychosocial Development1561 Words   |  7 Pagesto know what we know now. There are many theories in the field of psychology or educational psychology that are important to further understand human behavior. However, this paper will focus on only two theories which are; Erikson’s psychosocial theory and Alfred Adler’s Adlerian theory. Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development has always been a great contribution to the field of psychology by Erik Erikson (Berk, 2007). Erikson suggested that everyone experiences a series of psychosocial stages insteadRead MoreEarly Childhood Psychosocial Development Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pages The development starts from infant until old age. Childhood is a time of tremendous change, but people also continue to grow slowly and develop during adulthood. It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence. These developmental changes may be influenced by genetic factor, environment factor and maturation factor. There are three types of human development changes: physical development, cognitive development and psychosocial development. Our group member’s choice is psychosocial development

Music Manipulation Essay Example For Students

Music Manipulation Essay I feel that a CD player is a manipulative device. There are many ways a CD player can manipulate, but I have chosen to talk about three specific methods. The first method is the commercial success of the artist. If an artist has found popularity or a lot of recognition a person may think its cool to feel the way the artist does about certain things. A person may change their fashion or anything to show they want to be as cool as the artist is or has as much popularity as the artist is. These are the main ways a person may become manipulated from listening to a certain group or person. The second way I believe, is how appealing the music is to that particular person. For example, if someone is not a jazz fan then jazz music will not have as much of an impact on him or her as jazz would on a jazz fan. You will listen to what the person is saying and their beliefs if you like the music in the first place. A person must like the music for it to sink into their mind enough to cause the manipulation to occur. The next manipulation is lyrical content. This lyrical content method is the most influential in my opinion. As mentioned before, if you like the music then you will be more likely to listen to it more closely to hear what the artist is trying to portray. You can be manipulated by the lyrics by starting to believe them yourself or feel a certain way about a social issue. The lyrics can change your moods and your whole outlook on certain parts of life. For example, if your down about something and you listen to a blues song, you will probably agree with what the artist is saying because you will believe that the artist feels that way to. These three ways of manipulation can change the listener somehow, so therefore the manipulation is successful. Words/ Pages : 334 / 24

5 Words Caught in Semantic Drift

5 Words Caught in Semantic Drift 5 Words Caught in Semantic Drift 5 Words Caught in Semantic Drift By Mark Nichol Is it possible to simultaneously admire the vibrancy and flexibility of the English language and grumble about shifts in meaning that deprive the language of some of its richness? I know it is, because I often do so. Because of the organic nature of language, English is a victim of semantic drift not as cataclysmic as continental drift, but detectable on the rigor scale and I regret the loss of the far-flung flotsam. Semantic drift is the evolution that occurs in the meaning of some words when careless, ignorant usage alters or even reverses their senses. Such change is inevitable, but allow me to mourn the loss of a word here and there, never again to be applicable to an idea or image with such crisp clarity. Here are five terms tainted by semantic drift: 1. Aggravate The essence of aggravate is right there in the middle: grav-, the root of gravity and grave (as in â€Å"serious†; the word for the resting place of a coffin has a different etymological origin). The Latin word gravis means â€Å"heavy,† and aggravate originally literally means â€Å"to make heavy†; the original sense was â€Å"to make worse.† But almost immediately and naturally, because a burden is irritating it acquired the additional sense of â€Å"exasperate.† Use of that meaning now predominates. Wordsmith H. W. Fowler proclaimed that â€Å"to make worse† is the only correct sense of aggravate; he was undoubtedly irritated (not aggravated) to know that popular usage defied his decree. 2. Bemused The root of this word, muse, means â€Å"to think or ponder,† but it has an amusing origin; it is from a Latinate term for â€Å"snout† and became associated with cogitation from the image of lifting one’s nose in the air, perhaps to sniff a scent and consider its source. (It is apparently unrelated to, though influenced by, muse, meaning â€Å"to think,† from the name of the Muses, the Greek goddesses of the arts and sciences; this is also the origin of museum and music.) Bemused (â€Å"confused†) is often confused for amused (â€Å"comically entertained†) because of their original similarity of meaning: Bemused literally means â€Å"thoroughly thinking,† suggesting being confused by thinking too much, whereas the literal meaning of amused is â€Å"without thought,† with the connotation of being diverted from thinking by some lighthearted entertainment. However, bemusement is serious business. 3. Nonplussed This word, taken literally from the Latin words for no and more, originally was used in the noun form to describe a point from which one could not continue because one was perplexed. For five hundred years, that’s what the word meant. But at some point during the twentieth century, people inexplicably began to assume that it refers to the opposite state, that of being unfazed (not unphased!) or at ease, as if being plussed were a state of bewilderment and nonplussed therefore means â€Å"not bewildered.† The antonymic meaning soon went viral, and now one is likely to be unclear about which meaning a speaker or writer has in mind. When that happens, perhaps it’s best to retire a word altogether and fortunately in this case, at least bewildered and perplexed persist (for now) with unequivocal synonymic meaning. 4. Nostalgia This battle was lost long ago, but the case study is interesting. Nostalgia was coined (from the first part of the Greek word for â€Å"homecoming† and the Latin suffix -algia itself originally from Greek and meaning â€Å"pain†) in the late 1600s to refer to the literal affliction of homesickness. For two centuries, nostalgia was treated as a serious ailment suffered by soldiers and others who suffered ailments caused by a melancholic longing for home. That clinical sense itself wasted away, and though nostalgia continued to refer to homesickness, that meaning was overtaken by the idea of a sentimental yearning for a lost state or condition, usually temporally rather than spatially irrevocable. However, I’m nostalgic about the lost meaning. 5. Voluptuous For hundreds of years, voluptuous meant â€Å"luxurious, pleasure seeking, devoted to sensual gratification† (the Latin root is voluptas, meaning â€Å"pleasure†), but back in the early 1800s, the word came to be associated primarily with female beauty, and later the primary sense shifted to that of curvaceousness. Here are some other words that have been affected by semantic drift. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational WritingConfusing "Passed" with "Past"May Have vs. Might Have

30 Religious Terms You Should Know

30 Religious Terms You Should Know 30 Religious Terms You Should Know 30 Religious Terms You Should Know By Maeve Maddox When I was growing up in small town America, stories about religion were generally confined to the Saturday church pages in the local newspaper. Catholics and Jews were the most exotic religious practitioners in town, and â€Å"atheist† was a strong term of disapprobation. These days religion is front page news. People are killed or driven into hiding because someone somewhere has labeled their work â€Å"blasphemy.† School children with attitude get away with refusing to do their homework because they know that school officials are easily spooked by anything relating to religion. Journalists and school officials shouldn’t have to tiptoe around religious topics. The topic of religion, like that of ecology, is one that concerns all human beings. Although the three Abrahamic religions get most of the news copy, the number of religions that matter to people number in the double digits. Whether we care about it or not, we ought to be able to read and write about religion with some understanding of the terminology. NOTE: The definitions given here are not intended to be exhaustive. For one thing, some of the terms are defined differently by different religious groups. For permutations of meaning, see the OED or some other authoritative dictionary. Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. All three faiths trace their origins to the patriarch Abraham who rejected the polytheism of ancient Sumer to embrace a belief in one, invisible, deity. Sometimes referred to as â€Å"the desert religions.† agnosticism: the philosophical position that the existence or non-existence of God or a First Cause is unknowable. Anglican: relating to the Church of England. An ancient name for the English people was â€Å"Angles.† The Church of England traces its beginning to 597, the year in which Pope Gregory I sent St. Augustine to Canterbury. The Church of England remained under papal authority until 1534 when Henry VIII declared himself the Supreme Head of the Church because of conflicts with Pope Clement VII. animism: the belief that every material form of reality (plants, animals, stones, thunderstorms, earthquakes) have an indwelling spirit; often includes belief in the continued existence of individual disembodied human spirits capable of helping or harming the living. asceticism: a mode of life that excludes physical pleasures and self-indulgence. Many religions regard asceticism (fasting, abstaining from sexual activity, wearing inadequate clothing) as a means of reaching a higher spiritual state. atheism: disbelief in any deity or supernatural power. blasphemy: indignity offered to God, from Greek blasphemia, â€Å"a speaking ill, impious speech, slander.† Religions define blasphemy in terms of their own beliefs, often designating prophets and holy objects along with God as subjects not to be profaned. Many countries have anti-blasphemy laws. Buddhism: the teaching that suffering is inherent to life and that the way to escape suffering and repeated existence is to limit one’s desires and expectations. There are various sects with varying beliefs. Confucianism: a system of teachings characterized by central emphasis on the practice and cultivation of the cardinal virtues of filial piety, kindness, righteousness, propriety, intelligence, and faithfulness. ecclesiastic: relating to a church. Greek ekklesiastikos referred to the ancient Athenian political assembly. First century Christians writers adopted the word to mean â€Å"assembly of believers,† or â€Å"church.† episcopal: having to do with a bishop. Like â€Å"ecclesiastic,† the English word bishop derives from a Greek word, episkopos, â€Å"watcher, overseer. The Greeks used their word to refer to government officials. First century Christian writers used bishop or episkopos to refer to church elders. In time bishop came to mean the chief administrator of a diocese (administrative district governed by a bishop) with the power to ordain. Episcopal is the adjective for bishop. evangelical: having to do with the Christian gospel/New Testament writings. The word is also used to describe a type of Christian belief that emphasizes the inerrancy of scripture and salvation through personal conversion. Eucharist: the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper, a rite in which bread and wine are consecrated and consumed in symbolic union with Christ. The word comes from a Greek word meaning â€Å"grateful.† ecumenical: worldwide. As applied to religion, the word’s current use to mean cooperation among religious groups began with a 20th century movement promoting the idea of an inter-confessional Christian unity. Now an â€Å"ecumenical† group cooperating on some matter of general social benefit might include representatives from non-Christian religions. eschatology: the study of matters relating to the ultimate destiny of mankind and the world. Gnosticism: the belief that salvation is to be obtained by means of secret knowledge and that the material world is evil. Gnostic mystery religions abounded in the Roman Empire. The early Christian church was fragmented into various sects, many of which taught a Gnostic version of the new religion. gospel: the story of Christ’s life and teachings as told in the first four books of the Christian New Testament. The literal meaning of the word is â€Å"good news.† heresy: a religious opinion, or adherence to such an opinion, that is contrary to an established religious teaching. The word comes from Greek hairesis, â€Å"action of taking, choice, sect.† Originally a heresy was simply a difference of opinion. It became a religious crime, often punished by death. Hinduism: a body of social, cultural, and religious beliefs and practices found chiefly in India. It includes a belief in reincarnation and transmigration of souls. indulgence: in Roman Catholicism, a remission of punishment, especially punishment in Purgatory (in Catholic belief, Purgatory is an intermediate place of purification for souls that departed stained with minor sins not deserving of eternal punishment in Hell). Immaculate Conception: the Roman Catholic doctrine that the Virgin Mary was conceived without Original Sin (the sin of Adam and Eve conveyed to all human beings). This is not the same thing as the Virgin Birth, â€Å"the belief that Jesus was divinely begotten and miraculously born of a virgin mother.† jihad: a holy war on behalf of Islam. The Christian equivalent word is crusade, â€Å"a campaign or war sanctioned by the Church against unbelievers or heretics.† Literal crusades were common in the Middle Ages and were directed against Christian heretics as well as non-Christians. Now the term is used figuratively to mean â€Å"any remedial activity pursued with zeal and enthusiasm.† The same meaning is becoming attached to jihad. lay: not in holy orders. In a monastery there are monks who pray and do intellectual work, and those who do manual work and attend to secular affairs. The latter are called lay brothers. The term has spread to non-religious professions. Someone who lacks professional knowledge of a particular profession is called a layman. In a church setting one may speak of the clergy and the laity (non-clerical members of the church). monotheism: the doctrine or belief that there is only one God. nihilism: the viewpoint that all traditional beliefs are unfounded and that human life has no meaning. orthodox: in agreement with the official doctrine of a given religion. The word is from Greek orthodoxein, â€Å"to have the right opinion.† The noun is orthodoxy. Departure from orthodoxy is called heterodoxy. pagan This is a term difficult to define in even such a superficial treatment as this. For the early Christians, a pagan was a believer in polytheistic religion. The word originally meant â€Å"country dweller.† The rural population was slower to adopt Christianity than the city dwellers, probably because their religion was closely bound to agricultural cycles. Nowadays there are religious groups that identify themselves as Pagans. Modern paganism is earth-centered and can include polytheistic beliefs. The word heathen is used pejoratively to mean a person without religion. Like pagan, heathen also points to the fact that non-city dwellers tended to reject religious change. Heath comes from a word meaning â€Å"field.† Heathen was originally an adjective meaning â€Å"of the heath.† polytheism: belief in more than one god. profane: not holy. Anything not related to religion and spirituality is profane. The word can also be used as a verb meaning â€Å"to treat something sacred with irreverence.† secular: worldly, not sacred. Similar to profane, secular refers to anything that is not specifically religious. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in SFor Sale vs. On SaleThe Difference Between e.g. and i.e.?

Critically compare and contrast three theories of the multinational Essay

Critically compare and contrast three theories of the multinational firm. Which best explains firm behaviour and why - Essay Example The primary drive operating behind their decision to outspread are the cost benefits and profit potentials which lie in different locations (Maheshwari, 1997, p. 246). However, there are certain aspects which influence the profit and cost factors in a certain region. Those are the very elements which instigate the businessmen to spread out. In fact, theories have been framed by eminent observers in the past, to comprehend the factors which actually guide the production decisions of trans-national companies. Three fundamental factors are ownership, location and internalisation aspects which taken together form the essence of OLI Theory of International Production. This however, is part of the neo-classical school of thought (Taylor & Thrift, 1986, p. 9). Likewise there is the Marxist economic theory or the Neo-Imperialist views which support the decisions taken by trans-national companies to spread out their businesses to different nations around the world. Capitalist economies tend t o accumulate a large volume of resources at home which they are restricted from making use of at home due to restrictions imposed over their employment. Hence, they have little option but to generate profit out of their surpluses through deploying them across national borders. Thirdly, the Neo-Fundamentalist Marxist principles say that the primary enticement behind spreading out their businesses is that the industries which gradually acquire a monopolistic position, start enjoying the advantage of huge surpluses. Due to a limited scope for employing them in the nation where they belong, the industrialists deploy them in foreign lands where they have greater prospects of reaping profits (Jenkins, 1987, p. 447-451). The present paper discusses the similarities and differences between each of the three types of economic theories stated above to assess the factors which induce foreign investors towards expanding their businesses across nations. Finally, an evaluation about the theory mo st applicable in context of business houses today will be made as a concluding note. Chapter 2 – Theoretical Framework 2.1 Marxist or the Neo-Imperialist economic theory According to the views of Marxist economists, the developed and developing economies are complementary to one another and make up the entire global system. However, they also emphasise that the latter are usually the ones who are exploited by the former so that there is a continued outflow of surplus resources from the reserves of developing nations to the already burgeoning stock of the developed nations. The essence of the theory is the monopolisation of industrial houses which leads to an accumulation of huge sums of profits in the capitalist nations. On the other hand, the prevalence of anti-trust laws restricts an expansion of their businesses within the domestic frontier through forming cartels. Thus, the surpluses which are reaped stay idle and hence, attain a stagnant rate of growth which is not desir ed by the private producer (Jenkins,